|
Tagging 10 year-olds and above |
In the UK electronic tagging was first seen in 1995. Described by
Home Secretary David Blunkett as a 'prisons without walls'.
It is officially known as the
Home Detention Curfew (HDC) scheme, and became widely used in 1999
following the
Crime and Disorder
Act 1998.
Originally used to release prisoners early to serve out the remainder of
their sentence between two and 12 weeks early
Tagging can be used as a condition of bail, or an alternative to custody.
As an alternative disposal for offenders it can (in theory) be used from
10 upwards.
As a bail condition it can also be used for adults (those aged 17 and
above)
which tackles the problem of those who repeatedly break
the conditions of their bail and re-offend.
|
|
Technology |
Since 2004, tags have had global satellite
positioning potential.
The tags can be easily removed and some
critics point out that the monitoring is not sufficiently rigorous.
Tall buildings interfere with the radio signal further discrediting the
system.
The MoJ published a
report in July 2007 on the pilot scheme that throws some doubt on
total effectiveness. When offenders were asked directly if satellite
tracking had helped them ‘to stay out of trouble’, 46% replied ‘yes’.
|
|
Sentences - maximum period 3 and 6 months |
The Crime
(Sentences) Act 1997 allows for curfew tag sentences on offenders in
the 10-15 age group, for a maximum of 3 months: offenders can be under
curfew (usually to stay at home) from between 2 to 12 hours a day,
or up to 6 months (for 16 - 18 year olds).
A person has to agree to be given a curfew order by the court.
|
|
System discredited by some |
Repeated breaches of tagging controls go unpunished, leading to a
widespread discrediting of the system.
Many offenders who are tagged come from dysfunctional backgrounds or have
mental health problems, or both. Most are repeat offenders. All are
supported by sustained supervisory attention, often on a one-to-one basis.
Curfew periods usually fall outside the daytime which saves as many
offenders as possible from being locked up in Secure Centres (under 15s
and Young Offender Institutions (15 to 20-year-olds).
|
|
Cost benefits |
Prison for a year costs a minimum of £24,000. Tagging an offender costs
£2,000.
The growth of electronic monitoring has not been as rapid as some would
like. The Offender's Tag Association, a penal reform group that
promotes such schemes, says that Home Detention Curfews could be used for
twice the number of offenders currently tagged.
|
|
Home Detention Curfew (HDC) |
Prisoners sentenced to between three months and four years in prison can
be released early (usually 60 days) on a licence that includes a curfew
condition. They are electronically tagged and must reside at a specified
address. Curfew is usually 7pm -7am.
Under the scheme offenders are electronically tagged upon their release
from jail and told to observe a curfew.
Originally, eligible prisoners could be released up to 60 days before the
end of the custodial part of their sentences, but this limit was raised in
2003 to 135.
If the tag is interfered with the offender can be immediately returned to
prison to complete their sentence.
A person can be recalled to prison for failure to
comply or in order to protect public. Research by
Dodgson (2001)
found that in first 16 months of HDC, only 5% were recalled to prison.
Also here. |
|
Advantages |
Eases
transition from prison to home, offenders very positive about scheme,
influences prison behaviour. |
|
Quarter of all tags interfered with |
In 2005 to 2006, private security companies who monitor tagged suspects
reported 11,435 breaches of the conditions imposed by courts, primarily
night-time curfews.
In the year to March 2007, the total number of reported breaches rose to
43,843, according to statistics from the Ministry of Justice.
In 2005 to 2006, there were 1,073 "deliberate tag tampers (including
removals)". That figure rose by 80 per cent in 2007 to 1,942 incidents.
|
